PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS: CURRENT DRUGS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Pravallika V*, Priyani P, Sai Ram G, Ashra Nasreen MD, Manasa M
KLR Pharmacy College, Paloncha, Telangana, India.

Antidiabetic drugs, Insulin and insulin sensitizers, Mechanisms of action, Hypoglycemia and drug resistance, Nanotechnology and gene therapy ,

Antidiabetic pharmacology is the study of antidiabetic drugs that are used to control diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease of persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chapter is a general description of the most significant groups of antidiabetic drugs, which are insulin preparations, insulin sensitizers, oral hypoglycemic agents, and more recent incretin-based and renal glucose-controlling medications. The action mechanisms of these agents are explained with special reference to the insulin secretion, glucose utilization, glycogen synthesis, and intestinal glucose absorption. The most important clinical issues, including hypoglycemia, weight gain, resistance of drugs, and non-compliance of the patient are mentioned, which indicates that it is challenging to achieve long-term regulation of glycemic control. The future directions of antidiabetic pharmacology such as combination therapy, novel drug classes, nanotechnology-based drug delivery system and gene therapy that intends to enhance both efficacy and safety and target underlying disease mechanisms are also discussed in the chapter. On the whole, this piece of writing highlights the transition to the trends based on glucose-lowering interventions to more individual, multifactorial, and disease-modifying interventions that enhance the management of metabolic and minimize the likelihood of long-term complications linked to diabetes mellitus.

16 , 1 , 2026